The counterbalance shed helps to weave pattern wefts without distortion and eliminates the altermating tight and loose tension during weaving on jack looms. When a shed is made, the tension on the warp threads is the same on the top and bottom of the shed at all times. A counterbalance loom can do this because the warp comes straight from the back to the front of the loom. Small sheds give much nicer selvages and result in less stress to the warp threads. The pressure on the treadle regulates the size of the shed. If you want 3, 5 or more shafts, you need to tie them up differently, using different pulleys or horses.Ĭounterbalance looms allow one to open the size shed you want, a small shed by using a light touch on the treadle, or a large shed by putting more pressure on the treadle. Counterbalance looms commonly have from 2 to 10 shafts, but most weavers tie up only 4. This gives better control of the beat and a better view of the weaving as you beat. Since counterbalance looms have castles, they can have a heavier, hanging beater attached to the castle. This gives the weaver control over the weaving sheds. All of the shafts are responding to the weaver’s foot, giving smooth, quick and quiet treadling. When a shed is made, one or more shafts go up and the others go down. Pulleys and/or horses are used to hang shafts so that when at rest, the warp threads are neither pulled up nor down. The counterbalance loom is found in nearly every country and is the traditional type of loom used around the world and throughout history. If you already have a counterbalance or countermarch loom, you can read more specific information about warping and weaving on these looms here. In this section we discuss counterbalance looms, countermarch looms and jack looms.
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